MANUFACTURE OF FUELS AND LUBRICANTS
Structure of petroleum, refining process, fuels, thermal and catalytic cracking, polymerization, alkylation, isomerization, blending, products of refining process. Manufacture of lubricating oil base stocks, manufacture of finished automotive lubricants
Experiments:
1. ASTM distillation test of liquid fuels
2. Temperature dependence of viscosity using Redwood Viscometer
3. Viscosity Index of Fuels using Saybolt Viscometer
Engine friction: introduction, total engine friction, effect of engine variables on friction, hydrodynamic lubrication, elasto hydrodynamic lubrication, boundary lubrication, bearing lubrication, functions of the lubrication system, introduction to design of a lubricating system.
Experiments:
1. Temperature dependence of viscosity of lubricants using Redwood Viscometer
2. Viscosity Index of lubricants using Saybolt Viscometer
Specific requirements for automotive lubricants, oxidation deterioration and degradation of lubricants, additives and additive mechanism, synthetic lubricants, classification of lubricating oils, properties of lubricating oils, tests on lubricants. Grease, classification, properties, test used in grease.
Experiments:
1. Ash content and Carbon Residue Test
2. Drop point of grease and mechanical penetration in grease
PROPERTIES AND TESTING OF FUELS
Thermo-chemistry of fuels, properties and testing of fuels, relative density, calorific value, flash point, fire point, distillation, vapour pressure, spontaneous ignition temperature, viscosity, pour point, flammability, ignitability, diesel index, API gravity, aniline point, carbon residue, copper strip corrosion etc.
Experiments:
1. Aniline Point test of diesel
2. Calorific value of liquid fuel
3. Flash and Fire points of petrol and diesel.
4. Copper strip Corrosion Test
SI Engines – flame propagation and mechanism of combustion, normal combustion, knocking, octane rating, fuel requirements. CI Engine, mechanism of combustion, diesel knock, cetane rating, fuel requirements. Additive - mechanism, requirements of an additive, petrol fuel additives and diesel fuel additives – specifications of fuels.
Experiments:
1. Reid vapour pressure test.
2. Cloud & Pour point Test
Reference Book:
R1. Brame, J.S.S. and King, J.G. – "Fuels Solids, Liquids, Gaseous". Arnold, 1968.
R2. Ganesan.V. “Internal Combustion Engineeringâ€, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing, New Delhi, 2003.
R3. Lansdown. A.R., Lubrication, "A practical guide to lubricant selection,†Pergamon press, 1982.
R4. Raymond. C. Gunther, "Lubrication", Chilton Book Co., 1971.
R5. Obert.E.F “Internal Combustion Engineering and Air Pollution,†International book Co., 1988.
Text Book:
T1. Francis, W, "Fuels and Fuel Technology", Vol. I & II, Pergamon, 1965.
T2. M.L.Mathur and P.Sharma “A Course in Internal Combustion Engines,†Dhanpatrai publications, 2012.
