Design of the body for safety, energy equation, engine location, deceleration of vehicle inside passenger compartment, deceleration on impact with stationary and movable obstacle, concept of crumble zone, safety sandwich construction.

Active safety: driving safety, conditional safety, perceptibility safety, operating safety, passive safety: exterior safety, interior safety, deformation behaviour of vehicle body, speed and acceleration characteristics of passenger compartment on impact.

Seat belt, regulations, automatic seat belt tightener system, collapsible steering column, tiltable steering wheel, air bags, electronic system for activating air bags, bumper design for safety, Steering and mirror adjustment, central locking system, Garage door opening system, tyre pressure control system, Active suspension system.

Collision warning system, causes of rear end collision, frontal object detection, rear vehicle object detection system, object detection system with braking system interactions.

TELEMATICS: Global positioning systems, geographical information systems, navigation systems, automotive vision system, road recognition, driver assistance systems ADAPTIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS: Adaptive cruise control - adaptive noise control - active roll control system - cylinder cut- off technology.