CMOS fabrication – p-well process, n-well process, twin-tub process, MOS transistor theory-IV characteristics, CV characteristics, Non-ideal IV effects, CMOS inverter –DC characteristics, Stick diagram, Layout diagrams.

Examples of Combinational Logic Design, Pass transistor Logic, Transmission gates, Pseudo NMOS logic-static and dynamic CMOS design, Domino Logic, Power dissipation, Low power design principles.

Static and Dynamic Latches and Registers, Timing issues, pipelines, clock strategies, Low power memory circuits, Synchronous design and Asynchronous.

VLSI testing -need for testing, manufacturing test principles, design strategies for test, Design for testability- BIST-chip level and system level test techniques.

Basic concepts- identifiers- gate primitives, gate delays, operators, timing controls, procedural assignments conditional statements, Design hierarchies, Behavioral and RTL modeling, Test benches, Examples: decoder, equality detector, comparator, priority encoder, full adder, Ripple carry adder and D flip flop.