Properties of fluids – definition – units of measurement - Mass density – specific weight, specific volume – specific gravity - equation of state – perfect gas - Viscosity – vapour pressure – compressibility and elasticity - surface tension – capillarity. Fluid pressure and measurement – simple- manometers – introduction on mechanical gauges – (Qualitative approach).

Types of fluid flow – velocity and acceleration of a fluid particle - Rotational – irrotational circulation and vorticity - Flow pattern introduction – types. Principles of conservation of mass – energy – momentum – continuity equation in Cartesian co-ordinates - Euler's equation of motion.(Qualitative approach).

Bernoulli's equation – applications - Venturimeter – orifice meter -pitot tube – mouth piece - Flow through orifice under variable head – time of emptying a tank with and without inflow. Flow through pipes – laminar and turbulent flow in pipes. (Qualitative approach). Reynold's experiment - Darcy – Weisbach equation for friction head loss –Major and minor losses in pipes – hydraulic gradient line – energy gradient line. (Quantitative approach).

Types of flow in channel – uniform flow – most economical section of channel – rectangular – trapezoidal. (Qualitative approach) Flow measurement in channels – notches – rectangular, - Flow measurement in rivers/ streams / canals – weirs – free and submerged flow – current meter. (Quantitative approach)- CASE STUDY: Open Channel Aquaculture Monitoring.

Dimensional analysis – Fundamental dimensions – dimensional homogeneity –Buckingham Pi-Theorem- concept of geometric, kinematic and dynamic similarity. non-dimensional numbers – Reynolds, Froude. PUMPS: Centrifugal pumps – components – working – types of pumps and impellers - Priming – cavitation –Submersible pumps - CASE STUDY: Agriculture and Irrigation - Pump Applications.