Review of Basics – Thermodynamic systems, Properties and processes Thermodynamic Equilibrium - Displacement work - P-V diagram. Thermal equilibrium - Zeroth law – Concept of temperature and Temperature Scales. First law – application to closed and open systems – steady and unsteady flow processes.

Second law of thermodynamics – Kelvin Planck and Clausius statements of second law. Reversibility and Irreversibility, Thermal reservoir, Carnot theorem. Carnot cycle, Reversed Carnot cycle, efficiency, COP, Thermodynamic temperature scale - Clausius inequality, Concept of entropy, Entropy changes for various processes, decision tree algorithm in thermodynamics

Air Standard Otto, Diesel & Dual Cycles, Classification and working principle of four stroke and two stroke SI and CI Engines - indicator diagrams, valve timing and port timing diagrams. Comparison of petrol and diesel engines - four stroke and two stroke engines - testing and performance of internal combustion engines.

Properties of pure substances – solid, liquid and vapour phases, phase rule, p-v, p-T, T-v, T-s, h-s diagrams, p-v-T surfaces, thermodynamic properties of steam - calculations of work done and heat transfer in non-flow and flow processes - standard Rankine cycle, Reheat and Regeneration cycle. Heat rate, Specific steam consumption, Tonne of refrigeration.

Methods of refrigeration - air refrigeration, Bell Coleman cycle, vapour compression refrigeration cycle, use of T-s and P-h diagrams - under cooling and superheating. Study of absorption refrigeration system. Refrigerants - selection and properties. Requirements for comfort and industrial air conditioning, air washer, by-pass factor, summer and winter air conditioning systems.