Classification of Tractors - History of Engines- Tractor engines – Engine operation-Understanding the working principle of a Diesel engine - 4 Stroke compression- Ignition engine cycle-Inlet and Outlet valves– Valve timing diagram- Engine efficiency - Engine operating cycle -Firing order –Firing internal - Combustion chambers – Construction details of engine blocks, Cylinder head and Crankcase - Features of cylinder, Piston, Connecting rod and Crankshaft.

Valve and valve mechanism-Air and fuel supply-air cleaner- Fuel pump- Exhaust– Silencer. Cooling and lubrication system- Starting and electrical system- Transmission system-clutches, brakes, power train- transmission- Gears- Types of high and low gears transmission- Gear box- Differential and final drive mechanism- Engine governing. Steering geometry– Steering systems- Front axle and wheel alignment. Brake– types.

Tractor PTO, Belt-pulley, properties of Hydraulic fluids- Hydraulic system -hydraulic couplings, Torque convertors- Hydraulic circuits- position and draft control- Weight transfer-theory of traction- Tractive efficiency–Tractor chassis mechanics- Stability- longitudinal and lateral .Controls- visibility–operator’s seat. Tractor steering mechanism-Types- caster camber- king pin inclination- Toe-in and Toe-out- Tractor Hitching.

Power tiller-Special features-Clutch-Gearbox-Steering and brake. Makes of tractors and power tillers. Types of tests-test procedure- Need for testing & Evaluation of farm tractor–Test codes for performance testing of tractors and power tillers. Cost of operation of tractors and power tillers.

Ergonomic aspects of tractors and power tillers- Substitution of fossil fuels with Biofuels to protect the environment from GHG pollution-case studies.