Properties of fluids – definition – units of measurement - Mass density – specific weight, specific volume – specific gravity - Viscosity – Thermodynamic properties– compressibility and elasticity - surface tensionDimensional analysis – Fundamental dimensions – dimensional homogeneity – Rayleigh’s method and Buckingham Pi-Theorem - concept of geometric, kinematic and dynamic similarity. Important non-dimensional numbers – Reynolds, Froude, Euler, Mach and Weber

fluid pressure at a point- Hydrostatic forces on surfaces- Total pressure and center of pressure- Application of Pascal’s law- Pressure variation in a fluid at rest-Absolute, Gauge, Atmospheric and vacuum pressures Archimedes Principle- Buoyancy- Application in fluid foods- Measurement of pressure-Simple manometers Differential manometers.

Types of fluid flow – velocity and acceleration of a fluid particle - Rotational – irrotational circulation and vorticity - Viscous Flow and Turbulent flow of fluids- Flow pattern – stream line – equipotential line – stream tube path line – streak line – flow net – velocity potential – stream function. Principles of conservation of mass – energy – momentum – continuity equation in Cartesian co-ordinates - Euler's equation of motion.

Bernoulli's equation – applications - Venturimeter – orifice meter -pitot tube – mouth piece - Flow through orifice under variable head – time of emptying a tank with and without inflow. Flow through pipes – laminar and turbulent flow in pipes - Reynold's experiment - Darcy – Weisbach equation for friction head loss – Chezy's formula – Manning's formula – Hazen- William‟s formula - Major and minor losses in pipes – hydraulic gradient line – energy gradient line- Flow through parallel pipes- Flow through branched pipes-Power transmission through pipes- Water hammer in pipes- Flow through nozzles- Pipe network

Pump terminology –suction lift, suction head, delivery head, discharge, water horsepower – selection of pump capacity. Centrifugal pumps – components – working – types of pumps and impellers - Priming – cavitation – specific speed – characteristic curves. Submersible pumps -Airlift pump - reciprocating pump - sludge pump and vacuum pump- Hydraulic ram.