Fluids and continuum - Properties of fluids - Pascal‘s law and hydrostatic law - Newton’s law of viscosity - Ideal and real fluids, Newtonian and non - Newtonian fluids - Fluid Statics-Pressure -density-height relationship, manometers, pressure gauges - Flow characteristics - concept of control volume - application of continuity equation, energy equation and momentum equation Lab Experiments:  Verification of Bernoulli‘s equation  Determination of the coefficient of discharge of given Orifice meter/Venturimeter

Types of fluid flow and flow lines – control volume – continuity equation in one dimension and three dimension – velocity potential and stream function - energy equation – Euler and Bernoulli’s equations – applications of energy equations - flow meters - laminar and turbulent flow through pipes –Hagen Poisullie equation – Darcy Weisbach formula – applications Lab Experiments:  Determination of friction factor for a given set of pipes  Determination of major and minor losses in pipes

Need for dimensional analysis – dimensional homogeneity - Rayleigh’s and Buckingham methods of dimensional analysis –problems - Model study and similitude – scale effects and distorted model. Dimensionless parameters - application of dimensionless Parameters-Model analysis

Euler equation for turbomachines, velocity triangles- -Centrifugal pumps-working principle - work done and efficiency - multistage pumps - reciprocating pumps - work done and efficiency - negative slip - air vessels - indicator diagram – problems Lab Experiments:  Performance studies on centrifugal pump  Performance studies on reciprocating pump

Classification of turbines -heads and efficiencies -velocity triangles - Axial, radial and mixed flow turbines - Cavitation, water hammer- Construction, working principles and design of Pelton wheel, Francis and Kaplan turbines - work done and efficiency - specific speed - performance curves for turbines - operating characteristics - governing of turbines – problems Lab Experiments:  Performance studies on Pelton wheel  Performance studies on Francis turbine  Performance studies on of Kaplan turbine