Sand Casting: Sand Mould, Sand Properties, Core Making – Patterns: Types, Materials, allowances – Types of Melting furnaces, Solidification and Cooling, Special casting processes: Types – Fettling -Defects in Sand casting- Gas welding -Types -Flame characteristics – Types of Special Welding Processes – Electron Beam welding and Friction Stir Welding – Brazing, Soldering and Adhesive Bonding - Weld defects – Applications.

Mechanical working of Metals- Plastic deformation theory – Principles - Hot working and Cold working of metals: Forging-Types - Extrusion - Drawing processes – Sheet metal Processes and characteristics–Special forming Processes : Types - Rubber pad forming - Explosive forming - Peen Forming.

Mechanics of chip formation - Single point cutting tool - Forces in machining - Types of chip - Cutting tools -Nomenclature – Orthogonal, Oblique metal cutting - Thermal aspects - Cutting tool materials - Tool wear - Tool life - Surface finish - Cutting fluids and Machinability. Centre lathe - Constructional features - Specification - Operations -Taper turning methods - Thread cutting methods - Machining time and Power estimation - Capstan and turret lathes

Types of operations–Drilling - Reaming - Boring - Tapping -Milling operations –Types of milling cutter. Gear manufacturing: Gear milling and Hobbing -Gear shaping and finishing process. Abrasive processes -Grinding wheel - Specifications and selection -Types of grinding process -Typical applications – Broaching – Operations – Applications

Need for NDT –LBM – EBM – EDM – ECM Applications - Advantages and limitations. Introduction to Powder metallurgy – applications. Surface modification – Methods-CVD- PVD-Electroplating- shot blasting – Application to electronic components manufacturing – Micro fabrication process