X- Ray generation & absorption – X- Ray Equipment (Block Diagram) – X-Ray Tube, collimator, Bucky Grid, power supply – Digital Radiography-discrete digital detectors, storage phosphor and film scanning – Fluoroscopy - X-ray Image Intensifier tubes – Digital Fluoroscopy. Angiography – Mammography

Tomography principles, CT Generations - X- Ray sources, collimation, X- Ray detectors, spiral CT scanning, Ultra-fast CT scanners. Image reconstruction techniques- back projection and iterative method – Helical CT reconstruction - Parallel Beam Reconstruction.

Magnetic resonance- Interaction of Nuclei with static magnetic field and radiofrequency wave – Induction of magnetic resonance signals – bulk Magnetization, Relaxation processes T1 and T2. Block Diagram approach of MRI system- system Magnet (Permanent, Electromagnet and Super conductors), Gradient magnetic fields, Radio Frequency coils – Functional MRI

Gamma camera- Principle of operation, collimator, photo multiplier tube, X-Y positioning circuit, pulse height Analyzer. Principles of SPECT and PET.

Effects of radiation- direct and indirect. Radiation therapy – linear accelerator, Tele gamma Machine. Recent Techniques in radiation therapy - Stereotaxic Radiosurgery, Stereotaxic Radiotherapy, 3D CRT, IMRT, IGRT and Cyber knife. Radiation measuring instruments -Dosimeter, film Badges, Thermo Luminescent dosimeters- electronic dosimeter. Radiation protection in medicine- radiation protection principles, ICRP, AERB